CLAUSE

Noun Clause

A noun clause can be used like a noun. It can be a subject, predicate nominative,direct object ,appositive ,indirect object, or object of the preposition.

Noun Clause adalah Clause yang digunakan sebagai pengganti noun atau berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda). Untuk mendalami penjelasan mengenai Noun Clause, silahkan perhatikan penjelasan di bawah ini:

Noun Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 macam, yaitu:

1. Statement (pernyataan)
2. Question (pertanyaan)
3. Request (permintaan)
4. Exclamation (seruan)

1. Statement
a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "that"

b. Fungsi :
1) Subjek Kalimat

• Kangaroo lives in Australia (statement)
• That Kangaroo lives is Australia is well known to all (Noun Clause)

2) Subjek Kalimat setelah "It"

• It is well known to all that Kangaroo lives in Australia

3) Objek Pelengkap

• My conclusion is that Kangaroo lives in Australia

4) Objek Kata Kerja

• All people understand well that Kangaroo lives in Australia

5) Apositif

• My conclusion that Kangaroo lives is Australia is correct.

2. Question

Fungsi:
1) Subjek Kalimat

• What she is doing doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)

2) Objek Pelengkap

• My question is what she is doing.

3) Objek Kata Kerja

• I really wonder what she is doing.

4) Objek Kata Depan

• We discussed about what she is doing.

3. Request
a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "that"

b. Fungsi :
1) Objek Kata Kerja

• Read the book! (Request)
• He suggested that I read the book. (Noun Clause)

4. Exclamation
a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "kata Tanya yang dipakai pada kalimat itu sendiri"

b. Fungsi :
1) Objek Kata Kerja

• What a pretty girl she is? (Exclamation)
• I never realize what a pretty girl she is. (Noun Clause)

2) Objek Kata Depan

• We are talking about what a pretty girl she is.

CONTOH :

1. What he gets makes his family proud.

2. I know where her house is.

3. The President will give whatever the Indonesia National Football Team gets an appreciation.

4. That is what you want.

5. They will name their dog whatever they want to.

6. The old lady cried for whatever his husband did.

7. John, whom i met yesterday, will be my new business partner.

8. Remembering what she promised, I tried to be better.

9. They requested me to notice what they spoke.

10. Rejecting what he wants makes me unhappy.

Adverbial Clause

Adverbial Clause is a that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb in the same way that a standard adverbial would.

Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.

Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:

1. Clause of Time

Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.

Contoh:

• Shut the door before you go out.
• You may begin whenever you are ready.
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
• By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
• No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

2. Clause of Place

Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.

Contoh:

• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• The guard stood where he was positioned.
• Where there is a will, there is a way.
• Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
• Go where you like.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.

Contoh:

• As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
• He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

4. Clause of Manner

Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.

Contoh:

• He did as I told him.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
• I was never allowed to do Things as I wanted to do Them.

5. Clause of Cause and Effect

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.

Contoh:

• Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
• It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
• The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
• The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.

6. Clause of Condition

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.

Contoh:

• If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
• Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
• In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
• The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
• We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.

Adjective clause

Adjective Clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun, pronoun, or other nominal.

Adjective Clause dinamakan juga RELATIVE CLAUSE yaitu Clause (anak kalimat) yang digunakan/berfungsi sebagai adjective yang menerangkan keadaan noun atau pronoun.

Adjective Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 2 macam, yaitu:

1. Relative Pronoun

• Kata Ganti Orang
  Kata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah : Who, Whom, Whose, That
  
  Fungsi :
  a. Subjek:
  - He paid the money to the man who had done the work
  
  b. Objek Kata Kerja:
  - He paid the man whom  he had hired.
  
  c. Objek Kata Depan:
  - He paid the man from whom he had borrowed the money.
  
  d. Kata Ganti Kepunyaan:
  - This is the girl whose picture you saw.

• Benda, Binatang
  Kata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah: Which, that
  
  Fungsi:
  a. Subjek:
  - Here is a book which describes animals.
  
  b. Objek Kata Kerja:
  - The chair which he broke is being repaired.
  
  c. Objek Kata Depan:
  - He was wearing the clothes for which she had paid Rp.50.000,-

2. Relative Adverbs

• Waktu
  Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: when
  - This is the year when the SEA Games are held.

• Tempat
  Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: where
  - Here is the house where I live.

CONTOH :

1. The boy whose radio was stolen is a student.

2. The girl whom I gave a special reward is a bright student.

3. The bike which I borrowed last week was sold.

4. The man who is talking to Taylor is from Japan.

5. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.

6. The books that are on the shelf are mine.

7. The girl who is sitting beside me is Lisa.

8. The Man Whom you met yesterday is our new friend.

9.  The small town in which  I was born has grown to a large metropolis.
10.The day on which they were to leave finally arrived.